What Is Gastroenteritis (Stomach Infection)? Causes and Symptoms Explained

What is Gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis, also called a stomach infection or stomach flu, is a common illness. It happens when your stomach and intestines get inflamed. This condition can cause many uncomfortable symptoms. Most people know it as the stomach flu, but it is not the same as the flu that affects your lungs. Instead, gastroenteritis affects your digestive system. You may wonder about stomach flu symptoms, causes of gastroenteritis, and how to recognize a stomach infection. Understanding these can help you stay healthy and know when to seek help.

Common Causes of Gastroenteritis

Many things can cause gastroenteritis. Most often, it is due to an infection from a virus, bacteria, or parasite. Viruses are the most common cause, especially in children. However, bacteria and parasites can also lead to stomach infections. Here are some main causes:

Viruses: Norovirus and rotavirus are the most common.

Bacteria: Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter can cause infection.

Parasites: Giardia and Cryptosporidium are less common but possible.

Contaminated food or water: Eating or drinking unsafe items can lead to infection.

Close contact: Being near someone who is sick can spread germs.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), norovirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide.

Main Symptoms of Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis can cause several symptoms. These often start suddenly and may last for a few days. While symptoms can vary, the most common ones include:

Watery diarrhea

Nausea or vomiting

Stomach cramps or pain

Fever

Headache

Muscle aches

Loss of appetite

Sometimes, people may also feel tired or weak. If you notice these stomach flu symptoms, it is important to rest and drink fluids. However, severe symptoms may need medical attention.

How Gastroenteritis Spreads

Gastroenteritis spreads easily from person to person. Most often, it spreads through:

Touching surfaces or objects with germs

Eating or drinking contaminated food or water

Close contact with someone who is sick

Not washing hands after using the bathroom

Because it spreads so quickly, outbreaks can happen in schools, daycares, or nursing homes. Washing your hands often can help stop the spread.

When to See a Doctor

Most cases of gastroenteritis get better on their own. However, sometimes you need to see a doctor. You should seek medical help if you or your child:

Have severe or bloody diarrhea

Cannot keep liquids down

Show signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth or no tears

Have a high fever (over 102°F or 39°C)

Feel very weak or confused

Young children, older adults, and people with weak immune systems are at higher risk for problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that dehydration from gastroenteritis can be dangerous, especially in children.

Prevention Tips

There are simple ways to lower your risk of getting gastroenteritis. Try these tips:

Wash your hands often with soap and water

Clean and disinfect surfaces, especially in kitchens and bathrooms

Drink clean, safe water

Cook food thoroughly

Avoid sharing eating utensils or cups

Stay home if you are sick to avoid spreading germs

In addition, vaccines are available for some causes, like rotavirus, which can protect young children.

Conclusion

Gastroenteritis, or stomach infection, is a common illness that can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain. While most cases are mild, some can be serious. If you or a loved one experience symptoms of gastroenteritis, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.